SELF-EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH ASSOCIATIONS IN THE RURAL AREAS OF SIRINICKA ZUPA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1901251MKeywords:
rural tourism, self-employment, the associations for the empowerment of womenAbstract
In order to empower and become independent in their tending, women have established the associations (the associations for the empowerment of women – AEW). Women in these associations have becoming aware that, if they had performed united, they could radically change their personal lives, their families lives, as well as of the communities they have lived in. Therefore, the associations can play a role of giving a woman "a chance" to be independent both in the economic and social sense. This paper aims to show effects of the womens empowerment in rural areas, i.e. the influence of the AEW on the female entrepreneurship and self-employment. Empirical research was done on a free sample of 420 women from 10 villages in the Serbian enclave Sirinicka Zupa in Kosovo and Metohija by the personal communication technique, i.e. using a questionnaire. The results analysis shows a unique formula for the empowerment of women: self-employment as a goal for the womens empowerment depends directly from the motive for starting a business (25%), business environment (20.24%), as well as the support of AEW (54.76%).
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Ali, I., Hatta, A.Z. (2012): Womens Empowerment or Disempowerment through Microfinance: Evidence from Bangladesh. Asian Social Work and Policy Review 6, 111-121.
2. Agarwal, B. (1997): Bargaining and gender relations: within and beyond the household. Feminist Economics, 3(1), 1–51.
3. Ateljevic J. (2009): Tourism entrepreneurship and regional development: Example from New Zealand. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 15(3), 282–308
4. Batliwala, S. (1994): The meaning of womens empowerment: New concepts from action, In G. Sen, A. Germain & L. Chen (Eds.), Population policies reconsidered: Health, empowerment and rights. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
5. Bhatt-Datta, P., Gailey, R. (2012): Empowering Women Through Social Entrepreneurship: Case Study of a Womens Cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 36(3), 569-587.
6. Calás, M., Smircich, L., Bourne, K. (2009): Extending the boundaries: Reframing "entrepreneurship as social change" through feminist perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 552–569.
7. Chessell, D. (2018). The Jobless Economy in a Post-Work Society: How Automation Will Transform the Labor Market. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 74-79.
8. Dur, R., Glazer, A. (2008): The desire for impact. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(3), 285– 300.
9. De Bruin, A., Brush, C., Welter, F. (2006): Towards building cumulative knowledge on womens entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 585– 594.
10. De Bruin, A., Brush, C., Welter, F. (2007): Advancing a framework for coherent research on womens entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 323–339.
11. Eisenhardt, K.M., Graebner, M.E. (2007):Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 25–32.
12. Floro-Maria, S. (1995): Economic restructuring, gender and the allocation of time. World Development, 23(11), 1913–1929.
13. Godwyn, M. (2009): This Place Makes Me Proud to be a Woman": Theoretical explanations for success in entrepreneurship education for low-income women. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 27, 50–64
14. González, S. M. (2018). What Do Consumers Appreciate about On-Demand Economy Workers?. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 29-43.
15. Grossman, T. (2018). The Rise of an Automated Jobless Society: Do Cutting-Edge Technologies Expel Workers Swifter than the Economy Can Identify New Jobs for Them?. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 62-67.
16. Heilman, E.M., Chen, J.J. (2003): Entrepreneurship as a solution: the allure of selfemployment for women and minorities. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 347-364
17. Harriet, B., Sen, G. (2003): Womens empowerment and demographic processes: Moving beyond Cairo. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
18. Hania, U., Rachmaniaa, I.N., Setyaningsiha, S., Putria, R.C. (2012): Patterns of Indonesian Women Entrepreneurship. Procedia Economics and Finance 4, 274 – 285
19. Hashemi, S.M., Schuler, S.R. (1993): Defining and studying empowerment of women: A research note from Bangladesh. JSI Working Paper No. 3. Arlington, VA: JSI.
20. Hashemi, S.M., Schuler, S.R., Riley, A.P., (1996): Rural credit programs and womens empowerment in Bangladesh. World Development, 24(4), 635– 653.
21. Kabeer, N. (2005): Is Microfinance a Magic Bullet for. Womens Empowerment: Analysis of Findings from. South Asia. Economic and Political Weekly, 40(44): 4709-4718.
22. Markantoni, M., Van Hoven, B. (2012): Bringing invisible side activities to light. A case study of rural female entrepreneurs in the Veenkoloniën, the Netherlands. Journal of Rural Studies, 28, 507–516
23. Mosedale, S. (2005): Assessing womens empowerment: towards a conceptual framework. Journal of International Development, 17, 243–257.
24. Moser, C. (1991): Gender planning in the Third World: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs. In T. Wallace, C. March (eds.) Changing Perspectives: Writings on Gender and Development, Oxford: Oxfam.
25. Narayan, D., (Ed.) (2002): Empowerment and Poverty Reduction: A Sourcebook. Washington, DC: World Bank.
26. Orser, J.B., Riding, L.A., Manley, K. (2006): Women Entrepreneurs and Financial Capital. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 643-655.
27. Osirim, J.M. (2001): Making good on commitments to Grassroots Women: NGOs And Empowerment for women In Contemporary Zimbabwe. Womens Studies International Forum, 24(2), 167-180.
28. Petrović, M., Blešić, I., Vujko, A., Gajić, T. (2017): The role of agritourism impact on local community in a transitional society: a report from Serbia. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 50/2017, 146-163.
29. Ramanathan, M. (2004): Women and empowerment: Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(17), 1689–1697.
30. Rao, S. (2011): Work and Empowerment: Women and Agriculture in South India. Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, 294–315
31. Reddy, S., Galab, S., Rao, P. (2003): Trends and determinants of poverty: 1973 to 1999–2000. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(12–13), 1262–1274.
32. Swanson, K.K., Timothy, J.D. (2012): Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization. Tourism Management, 33(3), 489-499
33. Shabbir, A., di Gregorio, S. (1996): An examination of the relationship between womens personal goals and structural factors influencing their decision to start a business: The case of Pakistan. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(6), 507-529.
34. Seguino, S. (2000): Gender inequality and economic growth: a cross-country analysis. World Development, 28(7), 1211–1230.
35. Soroushmehr, H.,Kalantari, K., Fami, H.S., Sarani, V. (2012): Investigation of Selfhelp Groups (SHGs) Effect on Rural Women Empowerment (Hamedan County, Iran). Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(1), 1–13
36. Sorells, B. (2018). Will Robotization Really Cause Technological Unemployment? The Rate and Extent of Potential Job Displacement Caused by Workplace Automation. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 68-73.
37. Šapić, S., Furtula, S., & Durkalić, D. (2018). Prestige and national identity as predictors of food products purchase. Economics of Agriculture, 65(2), 643-657.
38. Tassel, E.V. (2004): Household bargaining and microfinance. Journal of Development Economics, 74, 449–468.
39. Vujko, A., Petrović, M., Dragosavac, M., Gajić, T., (2016): Differences and similarities among rural tourism in Slovenia and Serbia - perceptions of local tourism workers. Ekonomika poljoprivrede, 63(4)/2016, 1459-1469.
40. Vujko, A., Gajić, T., Dragosavac, M., Maksimović, B., Mrkša, M. (2017): Level of integration among rural accommodation sector and travel agencies. Ekonomika poljoprivrede 64(2)/2017, 659-670
41. Vujko,A., Maksimović,G. (2018): Empowerment of womens status in the rural surroundings through self-employement, Sustainable agriculture and rural development in terms of the Republic of Serbia strategic goals realization within the danube region, Institute of agricultural economics, Belgrade, Serbia. ISBN 978-86-6269-061-6 COBISS.SR-ID 257428748 pages:1-18
2. Agarwal, B. (1997): Bargaining and gender relations: within and beyond the household. Feminist Economics, 3(1), 1–51.
3. Ateljevic J. (2009): Tourism entrepreneurship and regional development: Example from New Zealand. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 15(3), 282–308
4. Batliwala, S. (1994): The meaning of womens empowerment: New concepts from action, In G. Sen, A. Germain & L. Chen (Eds.), Population policies reconsidered: Health, empowerment and rights. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
5. Bhatt-Datta, P., Gailey, R. (2012): Empowering Women Through Social Entrepreneurship: Case Study of a Womens Cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 36(3), 569-587.
6. Calás, M., Smircich, L., Bourne, K. (2009): Extending the boundaries: Reframing "entrepreneurship as social change" through feminist perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 552–569.
7. Chessell, D. (2018). The Jobless Economy in a Post-Work Society: How Automation Will Transform the Labor Market. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 74-79.
8. Dur, R., Glazer, A. (2008): The desire for impact. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(3), 285– 300.
9. De Bruin, A., Brush, C., Welter, F. (2006): Towards building cumulative knowledge on womens entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 585– 594.
10. De Bruin, A., Brush, C., Welter, F. (2007): Advancing a framework for coherent research on womens entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 323–339.
11. Eisenhardt, K.M., Graebner, M.E. (2007):Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 25–32.
12. Floro-Maria, S. (1995): Economic restructuring, gender and the allocation of time. World Development, 23(11), 1913–1929.
13. Godwyn, M. (2009): This Place Makes Me Proud to be a Woman": Theoretical explanations for success in entrepreneurship education for low-income women. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 27, 50–64
14. González, S. M. (2018). What Do Consumers Appreciate about On-Demand Economy Workers?. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 29-43.
15. Grossman, T. (2018). The Rise of an Automated Jobless Society: Do Cutting-Edge Technologies Expel Workers Swifter than the Economy Can Identify New Jobs for Them?. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 62-67.
16. Heilman, E.M., Chen, J.J. (2003): Entrepreneurship as a solution: the allure of selfemployment for women and minorities. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 347-364
17. Harriet, B., Sen, G. (2003): Womens empowerment and demographic processes: Moving beyond Cairo. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
18. Hania, U., Rachmaniaa, I.N., Setyaningsiha, S., Putria, R.C. (2012): Patterns of Indonesian Women Entrepreneurship. Procedia Economics and Finance 4, 274 – 285
19. Hashemi, S.M., Schuler, S.R. (1993): Defining and studying empowerment of women: A research note from Bangladesh. JSI Working Paper No. 3. Arlington, VA: JSI.
20. Hashemi, S.M., Schuler, S.R., Riley, A.P., (1996): Rural credit programs and womens empowerment in Bangladesh. World Development, 24(4), 635– 653.
21. Kabeer, N. (2005): Is Microfinance a Magic Bullet for. Womens Empowerment: Analysis of Findings from. South Asia. Economic and Political Weekly, 40(44): 4709-4718.
22. Markantoni, M., Van Hoven, B. (2012): Bringing invisible side activities to light. A case study of rural female entrepreneurs in the Veenkoloniën, the Netherlands. Journal of Rural Studies, 28, 507–516
23. Mosedale, S. (2005): Assessing womens empowerment: towards a conceptual framework. Journal of International Development, 17, 243–257.
24. Moser, C. (1991): Gender planning in the Third World: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs. In T. Wallace, C. March (eds.) Changing Perspectives: Writings on Gender and Development, Oxford: Oxfam.
25. Narayan, D., (Ed.) (2002): Empowerment and Poverty Reduction: A Sourcebook. Washington, DC: World Bank.
26. Orser, J.B., Riding, L.A., Manley, K. (2006): Women Entrepreneurs and Financial Capital. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 643-655.
27. Osirim, J.M. (2001): Making good on commitments to Grassroots Women: NGOs And Empowerment for women In Contemporary Zimbabwe. Womens Studies International Forum, 24(2), 167-180.
28. Petrović, M., Blešić, I., Vujko, A., Gajić, T. (2017): The role of agritourism impact on local community in a transitional society: a report from Serbia. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 50/2017, 146-163.
29. Ramanathan, M. (2004): Women and empowerment: Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(17), 1689–1697.
30. Rao, S. (2011): Work and Empowerment: Women and Agriculture in South India. Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, 294–315
31. Reddy, S., Galab, S., Rao, P. (2003): Trends and determinants of poverty: 1973 to 1999–2000. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(12–13), 1262–1274.
32. Swanson, K.K., Timothy, J.D. (2012): Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization. Tourism Management, 33(3), 489-499
33. Shabbir, A., di Gregorio, S. (1996): An examination of the relationship between womens personal goals and structural factors influencing their decision to start a business: The case of Pakistan. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(6), 507-529.
34. Seguino, S. (2000): Gender inequality and economic growth: a cross-country analysis. World Development, 28(7), 1211–1230.
35. Soroushmehr, H.,Kalantari, K., Fami, H.S., Sarani, V. (2012): Investigation of Selfhelp Groups (SHGs) Effect on Rural Women Empowerment (Hamedan County, Iran). Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(1), 1–13
36. Sorells, B. (2018). Will Robotization Really Cause Technological Unemployment? The Rate and Extent of Potential Job Displacement Caused by Workplace Automation. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 6(2), 68-73.
37. Šapić, S., Furtula, S., & Durkalić, D. (2018). Prestige and national identity as predictors of food products purchase. Economics of Agriculture, 65(2), 643-657.
38. Tassel, E.V. (2004): Household bargaining and microfinance. Journal of Development Economics, 74, 449–468.
39. Vujko, A., Petrović, M., Dragosavac, M., Gajić, T., (2016): Differences and similarities among rural tourism in Slovenia and Serbia - perceptions of local tourism workers. Ekonomika poljoprivrede, 63(4)/2016, 1459-1469.
40. Vujko, A., Gajić, T., Dragosavac, M., Maksimović, B., Mrkša, M. (2017): Level of integration among rural accommodation sector and travel agencies. Ekonomika poljoprivrede 64(2)/2017, 659-670
41. Vujko,A., Maksimović,G. (2018): Empowerment of womens status in the rural surroundings through self-employement, Sustainable agriculture and rural development in terms of the Republic of Serbia strategic goals realization within the danube region, Institute of agricultural economics, Belgrade, Serbia. ISBN 978-86-6269-061-6 COBISS.SR-ID 257428748 pages:1-18
Downloads
Published
2019-03-25
How to Cite
Maksimović, G., Ivanović, T., & Vujko, A. (2019). SELF-EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH ASSOCIATIONS IN THE RURAL AREAS OF SIRINICKA ZUPA. Economics of Agriculture, 66(1), 251–263. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1901251M
Issue
Section
Review articles
