THE CONCEPT OF BUSINESS CLUSTERS AND ITS IMPACT ON TOURISM BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1903851MKeywords:
Tourism, Clusterism, Business Development, Serbian Tourism Cluster ModelAbstract
Increasing competition in the tourism market leads to the justified need for forming tourism clusters. Joining in clusters has numerous benefits for cluster members. Clustering leads to increased competitiveness of cluster members, because of the improved productivity and efficiency of work, adopted innovations, development of new technologies and introduction of the new quality standards and better market access. The purpose of this paper was to analyze tourism clusters models and to introduce the most suitable tourism cluster model for Serbia, based on the examples of good practice. Authors conducted a comprehensive literature review and proposed a new definition for cluster and accordingly determined new tourism cluster definition. Context of research is mostly related to cluster members. This paper contributes to research and development of clusters with a particular review of tourism clusters and suggests decision-makers in tourism what is the most suitable tourism cluster model they should consider.
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References
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Capone F. (2016). Tourist Clusters, Destinations and Competitiveness: Theoretical issues and empirical evidence, edited by, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, London, New York.
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Christensen, P., McIntyre, N., & Pikholz, L. (2002). Bridging community and economic development—A strategy for using industry clusters to link neighbourhoods to the regional economy.
Cvijanović, D., Aničić, J., Vukotić, S. (2018). Preduzetništvo mladih i žena u Srbiji – Turizam kao izazov. Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet za hotelijerstvo i turizam u Vrnjačkoj banji.
Cvijanović, D., Mihailović, B, & Vukotić, S. (2016). Marketing i konstalting u funkciji razvoja turizma Srbije. Beograd: Institut za ekonomiku poljoprivrede.
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Delgado, M., Porter, M., Stern, S. (2014). Defining Clusters of Related Industries. Journal of Economic Geography, Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 1–38.
Ellison, G., & Glaeser, E. (1997). Geographic Concentration in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: A Dartboard Approach, Journal of Political Economy,105, pp. 889–927.
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Ferreira, J., & Estevão, C. (2009). Regional Competitiveness of Tourism Cluster: a Conceptual Model Proposal. MPRA Paper (14853): 1–20.
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Gerke, A., Babiak, K., Dickson, G., & Desbordes, M. (2018). Developmental processes and motivations for linkages in cross-sectoral sport clusters. Sport Management Review, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 133-146
Gulati, R. (1998). Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 293–317.
Hadaiani, Z., Ahadnezhad, M., Kazemizad, S., Ghanbari, H. (2012). Strategic Planning for Tourism Development by SWOT Method (Case Study: Shiraz City). Geography and Environmental Planning Journal, 23rd Year, vol. 27, No. 3, Autumn, pp. 29-32.
Halseth, G., Markey, S., Bruce, D. (2010): The next rural economies: constructing rural place in global economies, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, England.
Hill, C., W., L., Jones, G., R. (2001). Strategic Management An Integrated Approach, Fifth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company.
Holub-Iwan, J. (ed.) (2012). Benchmarking klastrow w Polsce – edycja 2012. Raport z badania [Cluster Benchmarking in Poland – 2012 edition. Report from the survey– in Polish], PARP, Warszawa.
Inkpen, A. C., & Tsang, E. W. K. (2005). Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146–165.
Kachniewska, M. (2013). Towards the Definition of a Tourism Cluster. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation Vol 9, Issue 1.pp. 33-56.
Kim, N., & Wicks, B.E. (2010). Rethinking Tourism Cluster Development Models for Global Competitiveness. Paper read at 2010 ICHRIE Conference, 2010.07.28–31, at San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
Knoke, D., & Kuklinski, J. (1983). Network analysis. Los Angeles: Sage.
Kotler, P., Keller, K.L. (2006). Marketing menadžment, 12. izdanje (prevod). Beograd: Data status.
Krugman, P. (1991). Geography and Trade. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA.
Law on Tourism [Zakon o turizmu – in Serbian]. (2009). Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije, 36/2009, 88/2010, 99/2011 - dr. zakon, 93/2012 i 84/2015
Law on Tourism [Zakon o turizmu – in Serbian]. (2019). Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije, 17/2019.
Lazzeretti, L., Capone, F. (2004). Identification and Analysis of Tourist Local Systems: An Application to Italy (1996–2001), in Proceedings: Networking in Tourist Local Systems, ATLAS, Annual Conference. Naples, Italy, pp. 25-41.
Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics (8th ed.). Macmillian: London.
Marshall, A., & Guillebaud, C.W. (1961). Principles of Economics. 9th (variorum) ed., 2 vols. London – New York: Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society.
Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2003). Deconstructing Clusters: Chaotic Concept or Policy? Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 5-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/3.1.5.
Mauroner, O. (2015). Innovativaion Clusters and Public Policy – The Case of Reserarch - Driven Cluster in Germany, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, Vol. 05, No. 12, pp.736-747. doi: 10.4236/ajibm.2015.512072
Michael, E. J. (2003). Tourism micro-clusters. Tourism Economics, 9(2), 133–145.
Michael, E. J. (2004). Tourism micro-clusters from principle to practice. Tourism State of the Art II—Conference proceedings, Scottish Hotel School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, June 2004, CD.
Mijačić, D. (2011). Analiza stanja poslovne infrastrukture u Republici Srbiji. Nacionalna agencija za regionalni razvoj.
Nordin, S. (2003). Tourism clustering and innovation—Paths to economic growth and development. European tourism Research Institute, Mid-Sweden University.
Novelli, M., Schmitz, B., & Spencer, T. (2006). Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience. Tourism Management 27. pp. 1141–1152
Pandurević, N. (2012). Klasteri i regionalni ekonomski razvoj geografska koncentracija malih i srednjih preduzeća kao izvor konkurentske prednosti, Ekonomika, LVIII; IV-VI, broj 2, str. 159-169.
Paraušić, V., Cvijanović, J. (2014): Konkurentnost agroprivrede Srbije - klasteri u funkciji održive regionalne konkurentnosti. Institut za ekonomiku polјoprivrede, Beograd.
Paraušić, V., Cvijanović, J., Mihailović, B. (2013). Market analysis of clusters in Serbian agribusiness. Ekonomika poljoprivrede, Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 713-728.
Paraušić, V., Domazet, I. (2018). Cluster Development and Innovative Potential in Serbian Agriculture, Ekonomika poljoprivrede, vol. 65, br. 3, str. 1159-1170. doi:10.5937/ekoPolj1803159P
Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Free Press, New York.
Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 77–90.
Porter, M. E. (2007). Clusters and Economic Policy: Aligning Public Policy with the New Economics of Competition. Harvard Business School, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, ISC White Paper XI.
Ristić, L., Vujičić, M., Leković, M. (2016). Tourism as a factor of Ssustainable Development of rural areas belonging to Rudnička Morava. Economics of Agriculture, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 665-680, Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, The Republic of Serbia.
Ritchie, J.,R.,B., Crouch, G.,I. (2000), The competitive destination, a sustainable perspective, Tourism Management, 21 (1), pp. 1-7.
Roelandt, T., den Hertog, P. (1999). Cluster analysis and cluster-based policy making in OECD countries: an introduction to the theme, chapter 1 in OECD, Boosting innovation: the cluster approach. Paris: OECD, pp. 9-23.
Rosenfeld, S. (1998). Business clusters in America: Strategies and synergies, draft prepared for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. In P. Christensen, N. McIntyre, & L. Pikholz (Eds.). Bridging community and economic development—A strategy for using industry clusters to link neighbourhoods to the regional economy, 2002.
Sahakyan, M., & Suvaryan, A. (2018). Conceptual Model of a Tourism Cluster in Armenia. Barometr Regionalny. Tom 16, nr 3.
Skowronek, E. (2015). Klaster jako forma wspolpracy w turystyce [Cluster as a form of cooperation in tourism – in Polish]. Europa Regionum, vol. 24, pp. 129-140.
Staszewska, J. (2009). Klaster perspektywą dla przedsiebiorcow na polskim rynku turystycznym [The cluster is a perspective for entrepreneurs on the Polish tourist market – in Polish], Centrum Doradztwa i Informacji Difin Sp. z o.o., Warszawa.
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Vučković, B. (2016). Causes of Different Profitability of Agricultural Sector. EP 1/2016, STR?
Vukotić, S., Aničić, J., Laketa, M. (2013). Clusters as a Part of Improvement Function of Serbian Economy Real Sector Competitiveness, Amfiteatru Economic, Vol. XV, No. 33, February, pp. 224-245.
Vukotić, S., Cvijanovič, D., Aničić, J. (2014). Mala i srednja preduzeća – Ključ uspeha u klasterskom povezivanju. Institut za ekonomiku poljoprivrede, Beograd.
Zheliazkov, G., Zaimova, D., Evgeni Genchev, E., Toneva, K. (2015). Cluster Development in Rural Areas. Ekonomika poljoprivrede. 1/2015.
Aničić, J., Vukotić, S., Zakić, N., Laketa, M., Laketa, L. (2013). Clusters as a Model of Economic Development of Serbia, UTMS Journal of Economics, Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 341-354.
Argote, L., & Ingram, P. (2000). Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in firms. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 82, 150–169.
Asa, A., Lundmark, L., Pettersson, O. (2016): Public spending on rural tourism in Sweden, Fennia, Vol. 194, No. 1, pp. 18-31, Geographical Society of Finland, Finland.
Babalola, A., Bennis, K., Caltigirone, M., Manjarrez, J. L., Tanizawa, A. (2011). Tourism Cluster in Italy, Microeconomic of Competitiveness:
Bakić, O. (2009). Prilagođavanja marketing menadžmenta u turističkim destinacijama u uslovima globalizacije i klasterizacije u turizmu, Marketing, Godina / Volume 40, Broj / Issue 4, str. 202-211.
Beni, M. C. (2003). Globalização do turismo: megatendencias do setor e a realidadebrasileira. Aleph, São Paulo, p. 74.
Bianchi, M., (2005). Cluster analysis or NewBuC? Some lessons from projects of SME creation in Transition Countries, M. Bianchi and L. Tampieri (eds) Life Long Leraning and Managerial Development in Transation Countries, Cesena: II Ponte Vecchio.
Capone F. (2016). Tourist Clusters, Destinations and Competitiveness: Theoretical issues and empirical evidence, edited by, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, London, New York.
Cawley, M. (2011): Adding value locally through integrated rural tourism: lessons from Ireland, Proceedings from the conference - The next rural economies: constructing rural place in global economies, Wallingford, England, pp. 89–101.
Christensen, P., McIntyre, N., & Pikholz, L. (2002). Bridging community and economic development—A strategy for using industry clusters to link neighbourhoods to the regional economy.
Cvijanović, D., Aničić, J., Vukotić, S. (2018). Preduzetništvo mladih i žena u Srbiji – Turizam kao izazov. Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet za hotelijerstvo i turizam u Vrnjačkoj banji.
Cvijanović, D., Mihailović, B, & Vukotić, S. (2016). Marketing i konstalting u funkciji razvoja turizma Srbije. Beograd: Institut za ekonomiku poljoprivrede.
Cvijanović, D., Mirčetić, V., & Vukotić, S. (2019). Razvoj i definisanje brenda turističke destinacije. Zbornik radova VIII međunarodnog simpozijuma o upravljanju prirodnim resursima ISNRM 2019 (str. 303-309). Zaječar, Srbija, 31. maj 2018: Megatrend Univerzitet Beograd, Fakultet za menadžment Zaječar. ISBN: 978-86-7747-606-9.
Da Cunha, S.K., & da Cunha, J.C. (2005). Tourism cluster competitiveness and sustainability: proposal for a systemic model to measure the impact of tourism on local development. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review, 2(2), 47-62. DOI: 10.1590/S1807-76922005000200005
Davidović, M. (2014). Development of e-clusters, Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 37th International Convention on, Opatija, IEEE, pp. 1563 - 1568.
Delgado, M., Porter, M., Stern, S. (2014). Defining Clusters of Related Industries. Journal of Economic Geography, Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 1–38.
Ellison, G., & Glaeser, E. (1997). Geographic Concentration in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: A Dartboard Approach, Journal of Political Economy,105, pp. 889–927.
Erkkila, D. (2004). Introduction to Section 1: SMEs in regional development. In P. Keller, & T. Bieger (Eds.), The future of small and medium sized enterprises in tourism, Vol. 46 (pp. 23–34). Petra Jordan: AIEST 54th Congress.
Ferreira, J., & Estevão, C. (2009). Regional Competitiveness of Tourism Cluster: a Conceptual Model Proposal. MPRA Paper (14853): 1–20.
Feser, E. J., (1998): Old and New Theories of Industry Clusters, in: Steiner, M. (ed.), Clusters and Regional Specialisation: On Geography, Technology and Networks, London: Pion, pp. 18-40.
Fundeanu, D.D. (2015). Innovative Regional Cluster, Model of Tourism Development. 2nd Global Conference on Business, Economics, Management and Tourism 23: 744–749. doi: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00501-8.
Gerke, A., Babiak, K., Dickson, G., & Desbordes, M. (2018). Developmental processes and motivations for linkages in cross-sectoral sport clusters. Sport Management Review, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 133-146
Gulati, R. (1998). Alliances and networks. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 293–317.
Hadaiani, Z., Ahadnezhad, M., Kazemizad, S., Ghanbari, H. (2012). Strategic Planning for Tourism Development by SWOT Method (Case Study: Shiraz City). Geography and Environmental Planning Journal, 23rd Year, vol. 27, No. 3, Autumn, pp. 29-32.
Halseth, G., Markey, S., Bruce, D. (2010): The next rural economies: constructing rural place in global economies, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, England.
Hill, C., W., L., Jones, G., R. (2001). Strategic Management An Integrated Approach, Fifth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company.
Holub-Iwan, J. (ed.) (2012). Benchmarking klastrow w Polsce – edycja 2012. Raport z badania [Cluster Benchmarking in Poland – 2012 edition. Report from the survey– in Polish], PARP, Warszawa.
Inkpen, A. C., & Tsang, E. W. K. (2005). Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146–165.
Kachniewska, M. (2013). Towards the Definition of a Tourism Cluster. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation Vol 9, Issue 1.pp. 33-56.
Kim, N., & Wicks, B.E. (2010). Rethinking Tourism Cluster Development Models for Global Competitiveness. Paper read at 2010 ICHRIE Conference, 2010.07.28–31, at San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
Knoke, D., & Kuklinski, J. (1983). Network analysis. Los Angeles: Sage.
Kotler, P., Keller, K.L. (2006). Marketing menadžment, 12. izdanje (prevod). Beograd: Data status.
Krugman, P. (1991). Geography and Trade. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA.
Law on Tourism [Zakon o turizmu – in Serbian]. (2009). Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije, 36/2009, 88/2010, 99/2011 - dr. zakon, 93/2012 i 84/2015
Law on Tourism [Zakon o turizmu – in Serbian]. (2019). Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije, 17/2019.
Lazzeretti, L., Capone, F. (2004). Identification and Analysis of Tourist Local Systems: An Application to Italy (1996–2001), in Proceedings: Networking in Tourist Local Systems, ATLAS, Annual Conference. Naples, Italy, pp. 25-41.
Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics (8th ed.). Macmillian: London.
Marshall, A., & Guillebaud, C.W. (1961). Principles of Economics. 9th (variorum) ed., 2 vols. London – New York: Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society.
Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2003). Deconstructing Clusters: Chaotic Concept or Policy? Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 5-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/3.1.5.
Mauroner, O. (2015). Innovativaion Clusters and Public Policy – The Case of Reserarch - Driven Cluster in Germany, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, Vol. 05, No. 12, pp.736-747. doi: 10.4236/ajibm.2015.512072
Michael, E. J. (2003). Tourism micro-clusters. Tourism Economics, 9(2), 133–145.
Michael, E. J. (2004). Tourism micro-clusters from principle to practice. Tourism State of the Art II—Conference proceedings, Scottish Hotel School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, June 2004, CD.
Mijačić, D. (2011). Analiza stanja poslovne infrastrukture u Republici Srbiji. Nacionalna agencija za regionalni razvoj.
Nordin, S. (2003). Tourism clustering and innovation—Paths to economic growth and development. European tourism Research Institute, Mid-Sweden University.
Novelli, M., Schmitz, B., & Spencer, T. (2006). Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience. Tourism Management 27. pp. 1141–1152
Pandurević, N. (2012). Klasteri i regionalni ekonomski razvoj geografska koncentracija malih i srednjih preduzeća kao izvor konkurentske prednosti, Ekonomika, LVIII; IV-VI, broj 2, str. 159-169.
Paraušić, V., Cvijanović, J. (2014): Konkurentnost agroprivrede Srbije - klasteri u funkciji održive regionalne konkurentnosti. Institut za ekonomiku polјoprivrede, Beograd.
Paraušić, V., Cvijanović, J., Mihailović, B. (2013). Market analysis of clusters in Serbian agribusiness. Ekonomika poljoprivrede, Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 713-728.
Paraušić, V., Domazet, I. (2018). Cluster Development and Innovative Potential in Serbian Agriculture, Ekonomika poljoprivrede, vol. 65, br. 3, str. 1159-1170. doi:10.5937/ekoPolj1803159P
Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Free Press, New York.
Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 77–90.
Porter, M. E. (2007). Clusters and Economic Policy: Aligning Public Policy with the New Economics of Competition. Harvard Business School, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, ISC White Paper XI.
Ristić, L., Vujičić, M., Leković, M. (2016). Tourism as a factor of Ssustainable Development of rural areas belonging to Rudnička Morava. Economics of Agriculture, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 665-680, Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, The Republic of Serbia.
Ritchie, J.,R.,B., Crouch, G.,I. (2000), The competitive destination, a sustainable perspective, Tourism Management, 21 (1), pp. 1-7.
Roelandt, T., den Hertog, P. (1999). Cluster analysis and cluster-based policy making in OECD countries: an introduction to the theme, chapter 1 in OECD, Boosting innovation: the cluster approach. Paris: OECD, pp. 9-23.
Rosenfeld, S. (1998). Business clusters in America: Strategies and synergies, draft prepared for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. In P. Christensen, N. McIntyre, & L. Pikholz (Eds.). Bridging community and economic development—A strategy for using industry clusters to link neighbourhoods to the regional economy, 2002.
Sahakyan, M., & Suvaryan, A. (2018). Conceptual Model of a Tourism Cluster in Armenia. Barometr Regionalny. Tom 16, nr 3.
Skowronek, E. (2015). Klaster jako forma wspolpracy w turystyce [Cluster as a form of cooperation in tourism – in Polish]. Europa Regionum, vol. 24, pp. 129-140.
Staszewska, J. (2009). Klaster perspektywą dla przedsiebiorcow na polskim rynku turystycznym [The cluster is a perspective for entrepreneurs on the Polish tourist market – in Polish], Centrum Doradztwa i Informacji Difin Sp. z o.o., Warszawa.
Strategy for Tourism Development of the Republic of Serbia for the period from 2005 to 2016 [Strategija razvoja turizma Republike Srbije za period od 2005. do 2016. godine – in Serbian]. (2015). Vlada Republike Srbije.
Strategy for Tourism Development of the Republic of Serbia for the period from 2016 to 2025 [Strategija razvoja turizma Republike Srbije za period od 2016. do 2025. godine – in Serbian].. (2016). Vlada Republike Srbije.
Szekely, V. (2010). Tourism Clusters as a Tool for the Improvement of Rural Competitiveness: First Experience from Slovakia, In: A. Fieldsend (ed.), Rural Areas and Development, 7-Linking Competitiveness with Equity and Sustainability: New Ideas for Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas, Warsaw (European Rural Development Network), pp.109-120.
Vučković, B. (2016). Causes of Different Profitability of Agricultural Sector. EP 1/2016, STR?
Vukotić, S., Aničić, J., Laketa, M. (2013). Clusters as a Part of Improvement Function of Serbian Economy Real Sector Competitiveness, Amfiteatru Economic, Vol. XV, No. 33, February, pp. 224-245.
Vukotić, S., Cvijanovič, D., Aničić, J. (2014). Mala i srednja preduzeća – Ključ uspeha u klasterskom povezivanju. Institut za ekonomiku poljoprivrede, Beograd.
Zheliazkov, G., Zaimova, D., Evgeni Genchev, E., Toneva, K. (2015). Cluster Development in Rural Areas. Ekonomika poljoprivrede. 1/2015.
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Published
2019-09-30
How to Cite
Mirčetić, V., Vukotic, S., & Cvijanović, D. (2019). THE CONCEPT OF BUSINESS CLUSTERS AND ITS IMPACT ON TOURISM BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT. Economics of Agriculture, 66(3), 851–868. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1903851M
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